Alekhin Alexander Alexandrovich: games, photo, biography

2024 Author: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-26 03:46

Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine is a theoretician and writer in the field of chess, the 4th chess champion in world history, a doctor of law and just a wonderful person with a bright tragic fate. The life of Alexander Alexandrovich was not easy, it was filled with many different events. He survived the war, suffered more than one injury, served an undeserved term in prison, escaped execution and changed many countries. Many years after his death, the 4th king of chess still remains one of the unsurpassed world-class attackers. The games played by him were famous for their complex combinational strategies. From the point of view of traditional chess schools, Alekhin Aleksandr Aleksandrovich was a follower of Mikhail Chigorin and an absolute antipode to Jose Capablanca, who preceded him on the playing throne. The position of A. A. Alekhin on the style of play was expressed in the most understandable way by the words that he willingly combines strategy with tactics, position anda combination of science and fiction, trying to satisfy the requirements for each listed position at the same time.

Alexander Alekhin is a chess player. Biography of the grandmaster from birth to maturity

In October 1892, in the family of the noble leader Alexander Ivanovich Alekhine and the daughter of a textile worker Anisya Prokhorova, a son was born, named after his father. In 1901, Alekhin Jr. became a student of the classical gymnasium named after L. I. Polivanov in Moscow.

Having successfully completed it, the talented Sasha in 1910 takes the entrance exams at the School of Law in the city on the Neva, where, upon graduation, he becomes the owner of the title of titular adviser to the staff captain.

First success in chess

Alekhin Alexander Alexandrovich started to get involved in chess from the age of seven, he not only played at the amateur level with his family, but also took part in dozens of professional correspondence tournaments. The boy's 16th birthday was marked by a triumph at the All-Russian tournament dedicated to the memory of Mikhail Chigorin. Five years later, in 1914, Alekhin takes 3rd place in the tournament of champions, which instantly turns him into the main candidate for the title of world champion.

Alexander Alekhin (biography). Wartime, repressions

The war brought Alexander Alexandrovich one wound, shell shock, the Order of St. Svyatoslav with swords and two St. George medals.

The year 1919 was tragic for a chess player. During a tour ofIn Ukraine, Alekhine was arrested and sentenced to death for alleged connections with the White Guards. He managed to avoid execution and a prison term only thanks to the petition of Kh. G. Rakovsky, who at that time held the post of chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Ukraine. In the same 1919, the future champion successfully passed the entrance exams to the State Film Studio, but, without finishing his studies there, in 1920 he became an employee of the capital's criminal investigation department, and in the fall he retrained as a translator of the Comintern. Alekhin Aleksandr Aleksandrovich successfully combines success in the field of profession and education with a hobby, and soon wins the title of champion in chess of Soviet Russia.

The chess player is also not deprived of the attention of women, his personal life is seething. In 1921, Alekhine married the active Swiss democrat Anne-Lise Rüegg, and although the marriage did not last long, he was the best person to contribute to changes in Alekhine's fate. 1921 is the year when A. A. Alekhin emigrates from Russia.

Foreign period. Records and wins

For a short period from 1921 to 1927 Alekhin Alexander Alexandrovich manages to take part in 22 tournaments, 14 of which become triumphant for him. The most significant were the following victories of this period: 1922 - Hastings tournament, 1925 - Baden-Baden, 1927 - Ketskemetsky. It was he who became the founder of the chess opening 1 (e4 kf6), which would later be calledthe legendary "Defense of Alekhine".

1924 - 1925 became for a chess player sometimes blind victories in many sessions of simultaneous play. In 1924, Alexander Alekhin (chess player) struck New York, 26 games were played in total, 16 of which became victorious for him, and 5 ended in a draw. In 1925, the grandmaster conquered Paris with his talent: 27 sessions were held, of which 22 were winning and 3 were draws. Besides the undoubted triumph in Paris, 1925 was marked for Alexander Alexandrovich by receiving the scientific degree of Doctor of Law at the Sorbonne.

Triumph of Alexander Alekhine over Jose Capablanca

A. A. Alekhine became the absolute world champion in 1927, when he defeated Cuban Jose Capablanca in Buenos Aires.

A total of 34 games were played, of which Alekhin Alexander Alexandrovich (the games and their layouts scattered all over the world) won 25 of them, and 5 of them ended in a draw. In 1931, the chess player, having received the title of winner in Yugoslavia in an international tournament, set an unconditional record for the entire existence of chess.

Mischievous Winner

There are many cases when the games of Alexander Alekhine caused a wide resonance in the world chess community. During the game, he deliberately made mistakes, upsetting the balance already at the first moves. For example, in the famous sixth game with Euwe in the 2nd tournament in 1937, after the standard 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3. Nc3 dxc4 4.e4 e5 instead of5. Nf3 he left the knight unprotected (5. Bxc4 exd4 6. Nf3).

Euwe was so surprised and shocked that he immediately made a mistake and quickly lost. In 1935, M. Euwe challenged the chess player to a duel for the title of world champion, in a match with him Alekhin A. A. lost by 1 point, but in 1937 he not only regained it in a rematch, but also rehabilitated with a difference of 5.5 points. So Alekhine regained the title of the world king of chess.

A. A. Alekhin - the first guest chess player

Alexander Aleksandrovich Alekhine is the first professional grandmaster to make a world tour. His journey lasted from 1932-10-09 to 1933-20-05. For 9 months, the grandmaster honored 15 countries with his presence: Mexico, Ceylon, Cuba, Shanghai, Philippines, USA, Egypt, Hawaii, Palestine, Japan, Italy, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Singapore and Indonesia. A total of 1320 games were played, of which 1165 were winning and 65 were losing.

War hard times

In 1940, Alexander Aleksandrovich Alekhine, a translator and writer of the French army, whose photo can be seen in this article, is captured, from where he was released only after the French surrender.

Unplayed match. Eternal Champion

During his life, the undefeated fourth king of chess took part in 87 tournaments, of which 62 turned out to be winning for him; in 23 matches, 17 of which were also triumphant for him, 4 ended in a draw. In March 1946, Alekhine was challenged by USSR champion Botvinnik. Alexander Alexandrovich agreed, butthe fight never took place due to the sudden death of the great chess player. The deceased was found on March 24 in the room of the Estoril Park Hotel near Lisbon. Judging by the situation, the evening before his death, the grandmaster was having dinner with someone. Guesses about the causes of the tragedy were different, but most admirers of the chess player believed that the Chekists were directly connected with his death. Alekhine's funeral was held in Estoril, but in 1956 his reburial was organized in Paris at the Montparnasse cemetery. On the marble tombstone of the chess player it is written that he is a chess genius of the two great powers of France and Russia. He passed away, continuing to maintain the title of chess king, who could not be overthrown from the throne.

In 1965 A. A. Alekhine's follower A. A. Kotov published a book about the life of the greatest of Russian chess players "White and Black". In 1980, the life of the great Russian chess player was immortalized in the film White Snows of Russia based on the above-mentioned book. Alexander Alekhine is a man who will remain in the hearts of his compatriots for centuries, because his services to his native country are invaluable.