Invention of photography and cinema: date. Brief History of the Invention of Photography

2024 Author: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-26 03:46

Like painting, the history of photography and cinema began with a simple human desire to capture the moments of one's life, preserve them for a long time and pass them on to future generations. Having gained the ability to accurately reproduce images on paper or film, these two directions have been developed in art. Photographers, for example, did not limit themselves to the task of creating a picture that simply conveys information about the appearance of the model. Photography began to receive a certain message, an idea, to convey the character of the model, the mood of the moment. It’s the same in cinema: starting with animation lasting a few seconds, the direction developed quite quickly, and today cinema has great potential, up to plotting about extraterrestrial civilizations and magical worlds. The invention of photography and cinema marked a series of discoveries and amazing works in the art world, however, besides this, photography and video have firmly entered the life of modern man. Today, the processes of taking and processing photos, shooting and processing videos for everyday use have become so simple that they do not require special training and do not take a long time. Where did the story beginthe invention of photography? How did cinema develop?

The appearance of the first photographic images

How to get clear and fixed pictures of the world around us? This question was asked by the great minds of past centuries. A success was the appearance of the so-called camera obscura, which made it possible to obtain a fairly accurate representation of the objects of the outside world, from which the invention of photography began. The date, the century of the first attempt to capture a person, to make an instant display of him in the picture, is still not exactly known, but Leonardo Da Vinci was the first to pay attention to unusual light displays of objects. Somewhat later, Giovanni Porta constructed camera obscura models, which were used to transfer the contours of the model onto the canvas by hand. Being the prototype of a modern camera, the camera, alas, did not provide such opportunities that the camera later gave mankind. The moment when the dream of obtaining an image using technology approached, when a number of discoveries were made related to light sensitivity and the special properties of chemical elements that made it possible to transfer and fix the image.

First shot in history

The year of the invention of photography is 1839, when the French inventor Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre published the result of his work on fixing an image obtained with a camera obscura on paper. In parallel, along with him, Henry Fox Talbot and JosephNicephore Niepce. It was Niepce in 1826 who received the first fixed reflection and the prototype of the image. Having cooperated together and concluded an agreement, Daguerre and Niepce begin work on obtaining photographic images. The result was daguerreotype - obtaining sufficiently clear images on metal plates with a layer of silver iodide using mercury vapor. Some time has passed since then, until the daguerreotype developed into the direction of stereo photography. The inventors faced a number of problems: these were financial losses, and the misunderstanding of others about what the invention of photography would be really useful for. How did photography develop further?

Development process

The invention of the negative is a turning point in the history of photography. This opened up new possibilities: now with the help of a photographic negative it was possible to enlarge and copy pictures, and it was then that the modern invention of photography literally happened. The date of this remarkable event - 1841 - is the receipt by the English inventor William Henry Fox Talbot of a patent for the calotype method - obtaining a paper negative with subsequent development of a positive image on silver chloride paper. A series of successive discoveries: the wet collodion process for improving the developing emulsion, the work on photographic materials and the invention of photographic film in 1887 is a rapid process of development and simplification of the process of creating a photograph. The end of the 19th century gave mankind the opportunity for a relatively quick and simpletaking photographs, and, no doubt, the very invention of photography was a turning point in the history of art.

Add brightness

The first photograph taken in color was taken with three cameras. James Clark Maxwell began experiments with obtaining color photographs, and the results of his work on shooting using color filters in red, blue and green amazed the society. The work was based on the discovery that the combination of these three colors can give any desired shade. However, the invention of color photography was far away: the process remained too laborious. At the beginning of the 20th century, photographers ubiquitously used colorization of black and white images, but the real invention of color photography became a reality with the invention of color photographic film in 1935. A year later, 35 mm color film went on sale, and it was then that the boom in color photography began, much more accessible to the average consumer.

From film to digital

It seems, what else is worth dreaming about? The invention of photography is one of the greatest discoveries in history. But the person wanted to simplify the moment of receiving and printing photos even more. Part of the first success and prototype of instant photos was the invention of the Polaroid camera, which instantly printed a photo on paper. But the process of working with such cameras was complicated by the needpurchase of special cassettes for pictures, as well as a limited number of pictures. But soon here, too, scientists announced their success, and a new, "digital" invention of photography took place. Date - 1975 - it was then that the first camera was developed, which was able to photograph and record the image on a magnetic cassette. The resolution of the first photograph was only 100 by 100 pixels, and the magnetic cassette weighed over three kilograms! The first compact camera was the development of Sony called "Mavika", and then other developers followed the pioneer. Companies competed to get higher resolution, getting the ability to record photos as a separate file with the ability to save them later. The real boom and widespread use of color digital cameras began at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century.

The Art of Photography

The invention of photography has given creative people a new opportunity for self-expression. Like painters, photographers experiment with composition and perspective, colors and lighting, trying to "catch" the best shot, and sometimes turn their photo into a real painting. Annie Leibovitz, Helen Levitt, Steve Maccari, Erich Salomon - the names of famous photographers can be listed for a very long time, and each of them became famous in a certain, closest genre of photography. Today, every person in the world can at least once try himself as a photographer. Art requires great dedication and a certain idea that the author wants to convey to his audience. Is it difficult to start filming on your own?

Advice for beginners

• To create an interesting picture, you need to focus on the composition that is built in the frame. To do this, you can study the rules of composition that are used in painting, or experiment, developing your own distinctive features of shooting.
• Don't chase technology and strive to buy the most expensive and modern camera. The best choice for a beginner is to choose a convenient device that allows you to get basic knowledge about photography, you can also experiment with materials, for example, shooting objects with a film camera.
• The base that any photographer should be able to freely operate with is knowledge of depth of field, lighting, composition, and working with aperture. Later, you can start creating with the help of the play of light and shadow, add various light filters to your work, and also learn how to skillfully process images in appropriate programs.

First movie

The invention of photography is briefly described above in the article, but what about the history of the formation of cinema? Inventors in the 19th century experimented with systems that would make animated recording possible, and the Lumière brothers were the first to succeed. Having shown the first short videos in 35 mm format called "Arrival of the train", "Exitfrom the factory", the pioneers of cinema received public recognition and a further opportunity to develop this art direction.

Development of cinematography

The turning point in the history of cinema was the release of The Jazz Singer in 1927, when the film was made and dubbed. Further development is the film "Gone with the Wind" filmed in color in 1939, and a complete transition to color video filming occurred already in the 60s of the 20th century. A relatively young direction in art has already given amazing films in various genres. What even in the last century seemed completely impossible and unrealistic, today is embodied with the help of tricks and computer graphics. Filmmaking involves a huge team of professionals who create the final product. The best films of all time are rightfully recognized as Nosferatu (1922, directed by F. Murnau), Seven Samurai (1954, directed by A. Kurosawa), Pulp Fiction (1994, directed by K. Tarantino), "Apocalypse Now" (2003, dir. F. F. Coppola) and many other films.

Prospects for development

It is worth noting that now the cinema is in search of new solutions for the presentation of ideas and plots, developing artistic solutions and computer processing methods. An important problem of modern cinema is the problem of copyright and piracy, the free distribution of the finished product on the Internet. What will surprise cinema in the future and what levers will be invented to control the product of art? Only time cananswer these questions.