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2024 Author: Sierra Becker | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-26 03:46
To get truly high-quality and artistically beautiful photos, it is not enough to get an expensive SLR camera. Ask any professional photographer, and he will confirm that it took him more than one month to learn all the intricacies of handling equipment. It is unrealistic to cover all the nuances of using a camera in one article. To start, it will be enough to understand two terms - aperture and shutter speed.
What is aperture? How to use it?
In Greek, the word "diaphragma" means "partition". You've probably heard that different lenses can have different aperture ratios. This means that they pass an unequal amount of light through themselves. In fact, the diaphragm is a device that regulates the diameter of the hole through which light enters the matrix (photosensitive element of the camera). Aperture is defined as the ratio of the aperture diameter of the lens itself to the focus distance. The Latin letter F is used to designate the aperture number.
Changing the value of F by one position, we change the amount of penetration into the matrix by 2 timeslight and change the value of the indicator to 1.4. Standard F values are between 1.0 and 32.
Lenses with a large aperture can be used to photograph moving objects, people and animals, and also to create beautiful and effective shots in dimly lit rooms and at night. In various camera models, the size of the aperture opening is adjusted through the device menu, or using rings on the camera body and the lens itself.
In addition to all of the above, correctly adjusted aperture and shutter speed make it possible to obtain the desired depth of field (DOF). DOF shows how clear the area around the focus object looks. At f / 1.8, the area around will be more blurred than, for example, at f / 22.
Opening the aperture at low values makes for great examples of macro photography. In turn, with a large f-number, the hole becomes narrow and allows you to get a picture with good clarity on all plans, incl. on the background. Therefore, a fixed aperture is recommended for taking landscape photos.
What is shutter speed and how to set it correctly?
Aperture and shutter speed form the so-called exposure couple, since it is due to them that the exposure of the image is determined. By itself, shutter speed means the length of time during which light rays penetrate through a given aperture diameter onto the matrix. Shutter speed is calculated in seconds and fractions of a second - 1/30, 1/125, 2”5 (2.5 seconds), 10” (10 seconds), etc.
There are such things as fast shutter speed and long shutter speed. Fast shutter speeds are ideal for shooting moving subjects. There is also a "golden rule" for choosing the optimal shutter speed - it should be directly proportional to the focal length. If the distance is, say, 80 mm, you should not set the shutter speed longer than 1/80 second. Slower shutter speeds will cause noise and image imperfections due to camera movements.
Long exposure in photography is most often used for shooting landscapes (including night scenes). True, in the second case it is better to use a tripod and a fast lens. To further reduce vibration, you can use the remote control instead of the normal button on the camera body.
Aperture and shutter speed are the basis of any composition. Having correctly built them, even with a simple camera, you can make real masterpieces.
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